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It's quite possible for a culture to not develop guns as we know them. Certainly the Greek and Romans had powerful flame-throwing siege weapons -- but they never stumbled across gunpowder. When their empires collapsed, the knowledge of how to build those weapons -- and the money to do so -- disappeared. It was never really revived until the 1960s, with napalm, because in the meantime the accidental invention of black powder had spread west.
There is no one single inevitable path that these technological developments had to follow. One thing that a fantasy world might show us is that simple fact. And something new is not necessarily a sign of Progress in the capital letter Whiggish sense.
Katharine Kerr's Blog - Is Technology Inevitable? - May 24, 2012 14:56